Powering safer solar future: Why must safety keep pace with Sri Lanka’s renewable energy growth?

As Sri Lanka accelerates its transition towards renewable energy, rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are becoming increasingly common across homes, businesses, and industries. While these technologies offer significant benefits in terms of clean energy generation, reduced electricity costs, and improved energy security, experts caution that safety considerations must evolve alongside this rapid growth.

These important issues were discussed at the Technical Forum titled “Powering Safety in Rooftop Solar and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) – Mastering DC Risks, Protection Strategies and Modern Safety Practices,” organised by the Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Sectional Committee (EETESC) of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka (IESL). The forum brought together regulators, utility engineers, renewable energy specialists, technology providers, consultants, academics, and industry professionals. Presentations were delivered by Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka Environment, Efficiency and Renewable Energy Director Eng. Amila C. Rajapaksha, Sungrow Solution Manager Eng. Aaron Li, Huawei Senior Solution Manager Eng. Mo Haiqi, and Electricity Distribution Lanka Chief Engineer Eng. Charith Shanaka.

The widespread adoption of rooftop solar systems has transformed many electricity consumers into energy producers. However, this transformation has introduced new technical challenges related to electrical safety, fire prevention, system reliability, and environmental sustainability. Industry professionals emphasise that renewable energy expansion should not be measured solely by installed capacity, but also by the quality, safety, and long-term sustainability of the systems being deployed.

One of the major concerns associated with solar installations is the risk posed by direct current (DC) electrical faults. Unlike conventional alternating current (AC) systems, DC arc faults can persist for longer periods, increasing the likelihood of overheating and electrical fires. Faulty wiring, damaged cables, loose connections, and poor workmanship are among the most common causes of such incidents. Modern protection technologies, including Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCI) and Rapid Shutdown Devices (RSD), are increasingly being recognised as essential safety features that can help minimise these risks.

Battery Energy Storage Systems, which are gaining popularity as a means of improving energy independence and enhancing renewable energy utilisation, present another set of challenges. Although modern battery technologies incorporate sophisticated monitoring and protection systems, experts note that thermal runaway—a condition where battery temperatures rise uncontrollably—remains a critical safety concern. Preventing such incidents requires multiple layers of protection, including battery management systems, fire suppression measures, ventilation systems, emergency shutdown arrangements, and strict adherence to installation standards.

Regulatory authorities and utility providers have also raised concerns regarding the growing use of non-compliant equipment, unauthorised system modifications, and installations carried out by unqualified personnel. These practices not only compromise system performance but can also create significant hazards to public safety. Industry stakeholders stress the need for stronger coordination among regulatory bodies, standards organisations, and enforcement agencies to ensure that renewable energy systems meet appropriate quality and safety requirements.

Environmental considerations are emerging as another important aspect of the renewable energy transition. With the increasing use of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries and solar equipment, questions surrounding end-of-life management, recycling, and disposal are becoming increasingly relevant. Experts warn that establishing proper recycling frameworks and traceability mechanisms today will be essential to avoiding future environmental challenges.

Speaking on the evolving renewable energy landscape, Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka Environment, Efficiency and Renewable Energy Director Eng. Amila C. Rajapaksha highlighted the importance of adapting safety and regulatory practices to meet the demands of a rapidly changing electricity sector. He noted that as distributed energy resources continue to expand, maintaining public safety and grid reliability will require greater attention to standards, compliance, and technical oversight.

Similarly, industry experts emphasised that advanced technologies alone cannot guarantee safety. Proper engineering design, skilled installation, effective maintenance, and continuous industry awareness remain fundamental to ensuring the long-term success of renewable energy systems.