Study confirms what a healthy weight really is

Washington (Reuters Life!): What is the healthiest weight to be? People hoping for a little jiggle room may be disappointed – it is the weight already identified by public health experts using body mass index or BMI.

There had been some suggestion that it may be healthier to be pleasantly plump, but the team at the U.S. National Cancer Institute crushed any such idea with a study of 1.5 million adults published on this week.

The healthiest BMI is 22.5 to 24.9, they found – at the upper end of where the World Health Organisation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other groups have said people should be.

Body-mass index is the weight in kilogrammes divided by the square of the height in meters. A BMI of between 25 and 30 is overweight and a BMI of 30 or over is obese.

A person 5 feet 5 inches tall is classified as overweight at 150 pounds (68 kg) and obese at 180 pounds (82 kg). A 5-foot-10-inch (1.8 meter) tall person who weighs 209 pounds (95 kg) has a BMI of 30 and is obese.

Being overweight or obese raises the risk of heart disease, diabetes, some cancers and arthritis. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, confirms that having a BMI of 25 or more also makes a person more likely to die than someone the same age who is slimmer.

“There is a small increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with being overweight — about 10 percent compared to having a normal BMI,” Amy Berrington de Gonzalez of the National Cancer Institute, who led the study, said in a telephone interview.

But the severely obese — those with a BMI of 40 or more - have 2.5 times the risk of dying than people of a healthy weight who are the same age.

The original BMI guidelines were set using some data on health, but Berrington said several recent studies had suggested that people considered overweight may be less likely to die of cancer and other conditions. So she and an international team of experts took another look at the data.

“We used 19 studies that had been conducted all over the world,” Berrington said. One caveat — they were all in mostly white, westernised populations in Europe, Australia and the United States.

Their studies included 1.46 million white adults and 160,087 deaths.

WHO guidelines say the lowest “normal” BMI is 18.5 but Berrington’s team found it is not healthy to be too thin.

“What we found was that a low BMI – below 20 – was also associated with an increased risk of death,” Berrington said. This could be because people that thin already have disease, she said, and added that her team will check.

The researchers took into account smoking and other factors that are known to raise the risk of death, and found the association between weight and death was consistent across age, sex and where people lived.

“Previous studies led some to imply that being a little bit overweight might actually be beneficial, with some headlines suggesting that ‘putting a little meat on your bones’ was good for you,” Dr. Michael Thun, of the American Cancer Society, said in a statement.

“This study concludes it is not, if the meat on your bones happens to be fat.”

Obesity and overweight are a growing problem for U.S. policymakers. Two thirds of Americans are overweight or obese, with 72 million U.S. adults, or 26.7 percent having a BMI of 30 or more.