Thursday, 14 November 2013 00:00
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CHINA’S presence at the Commonwealth Business Forum (CBF) has been formidable. Along with a 100-stong delegation, special speakers, 42 company representatives for the trade exhibition and a special buyer delegation, not to mention Chinese tour operators, they easily outrank as the country with the highest participation.
Despite being a non-Commonwealth country, China’s interest in Sri Lanka has long been obvious. In 2011, China requested observer status in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and in the latest development is working out a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Sri Lanka.
As positive as an FTA with the world’s fastest growing economy would be, it can also bring mixed fortunes. Discussions on negative lists are a key point that remains to be resolved, Investment Promotion Minister Lakshman Yapa Abeywardana has already admitted to the media, adding that the Government was attempting to promote Sri Lanka’s vibrant apparel industry, which is targeting revenue of US$ 4.1 billion in 2013, for preferential tariffs.
Despite the enthusiasm to fast-track the FTA, which may be especially effective given that local manufacturers who were vociferous in lobbying against the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with India have so far been silent, it could well have extremely negative results.
Experts have already voiced concern that an FTA would be a massive disadvantage to local manufacturers. Local think tank Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) Executive Director Dr. Saman Kelegama told a gathering of businessmen in Colombo that while Sri Lanka’s exports would benefit from access to China’s emerging middle classes, imports would decimate the fledgling local manufacturers.
Dr. Kelegama called for a strong negative list to protect local manufacturers. He pointed out that Chinese imports are far more competitive and would decimate the local manufacturing market. Companies that are now engaged in import substitution products, even those as basic as pens and knickknacks, would find themselves in extremely difficult times. Even India, which has a much stronger manufacturing base than Sri Lanka, has found its toy industry all but destroyed by Chinese imports. Unless special provisions are incorporated into the FTA to provide significant protection, Sri Lanka’s local businesses would face strong negative impacts, he has warned.
These are extremely valid concerns given that Sri Lanka’s exports have already declined over 4% for the first six months of this year. If domestic industries are hurt, then sustainable development will likely become a mirage for Sri Lanka. Economists are already worried about the trade deficit and have insisted that worker remittances and income from the tourism sector are not adequate to fill the vacuum created by the dearth of manufacture. So far those concerns have fallen on the deaf ears of policymakers, but the Asian Development Bank in a recent study insisted that Asia Pacific countries should increase their manufacturing base to reach developed status. Highlighting Singapore and Malaysian development models, the ADB has called on governments to increase assistance to industries.
Sri Lanka, especially, needs to improve its niche, high-end markets and put itself back on the global export map. The absence of a strong negative list in the China FTA, though, would mean a losing battle with the dragon.
