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‘Rekava’ or the line of destiny was the path-breaking film by Lester James Peries which altered the destiny of Sinhala cinema. (Though Rekava is spelled with both a ‘v’ as well as a ‘w’ in English, I am sticking to v because the original titles shown in the film spelled it with a v).
Rekava, the first feature film to be made by Lester, was released in December 1956. It was hailed as a turning point in the decade-long evolving history of Sinhala cinema. Prominent journalist Mervyn de Silva described Rekava as “the birth of Sinhala cinema” itself when writing about it.
Before I began writing this inaugural column on cinema I had decided that the first article would be about a Sri Lankan film or film personality. When I finally got down to writing it seemed very obvious that the article could only be about Lester James Peries or a related topic. That is destiny! Lester James Peries is the man whom I regard as the greatest Sri Lankan film maker of them all. My admiration for Lester evokes much mirth among some of my friends who often provoke me mischievously by criticising his work.
I have already written some articles about Lester in the past and wanted this one to be different. Since this article is the first one to be written for Spotlight column in the Daily FT, I thought it would be appropriate to write about Lester’s first feature film ‘Rekava’. Much has been written by many about the salient points of this path-breaking movie. What I hope to do in this article is to relate the story of how Lester James Peries made Rekava rather than analyse the film itself. Most of the facts that I rely upon for this narrative is from the horse’s mouth itself via Lester’s earlier interviews in books and journals.
After spending several years in London working as a journalist for ‘Times,’ Lester had returned to the land of his birth and begun working at the Government film Unit (GFU) for one-fourth the salary he got in Britain. Four years at GFU had dampened his spirits as Lester felt rather stultified presumably due to internal office politics. Besides, the creative impulse in him wanted to make a fictional feature film. There was also this growing disdain for the melodramatic Sinhala films being churned out and the idealistic ambition of making a realistic Sinhala film.
It was at this juncture that destiny played a hand in the form of kinsman Christopher Peries a successful businessman. Christopher made Lester an offer that he could not refuse. Lester was told that a group of entrepreneurs and professionals wanted to form a company and produce a Sinhala feature film. Lester was requested to quit GFU and come on board where he would be given a free hand. Lester would produce and direct the film. The script was to be of his choice. He could select the cast and crew. The company would purchase state of the art equipment. It was also guaranteed that the company would produce at least two films.
Lester James Peries mulled over it and decided to grasp the offer. This was the opportunity he was waiting for. Two of his colleagues also opted to quit GFU and team up with Lester. One was the cinematographer William Blake, called Willie Blake. The other was the Editor Titus de Silva who later became known as Titus Thotawatte. The trio embarked upon the challenging venture fired by the vision of making an authentic and realistic Sinhala film.
The production company was duly formed and named Chitra Lanka. The Chairman was the wealthy tycoon Sarath Wijesinghe (uncle of Upali Wijewardene). Besides Christopher Peries, the others on the Board of Directors were eminent Lawyers George Chitty QC, H.W. Jayawardene QC (the younger brother of J.R. Jayawardene), cartoonist Aubrey Collette and Douglas Fernando, an insurance entrepreneur. The only hitch was that the initial offer of making two films had been downsized to just one. It was stipulated that the second would be made if the first was a success.
After much pondering Lester decided that he himself must write the story and film script for his first feature and not rely on an outside contributor. He wrote the story which was a simple narrative tinged with elements of a fairytale or fable. Lester wrote the script himself aided greatly by K.A.W. Perera who later became a successful director in his own right making films like ‘Kapatikama,’ ‘Lasanda’ and ‘Bicycle Hora’. There was however much improvisation as shooting went on with new lines and words of colloquial usage being introduced.
The story of Rekava takes place in a rural village named in the movie as Siriyala where superstition reigns supreme. The narrative in essence is about two childhood friends – a boy Sena and a girl Anula. A stilt-walker cum soothsayer reads Sena’s palm and predicts he would become a great healer. Later Anula loses her sight by accident and even the ‘Vedamahathaya’ (native physician) is unable to cure her. Anula however believes Sena can cure her by touching her eyes. She regains her sight later and is convinced it was due to Sena’s healing powers.
The story of Sena’s healing spreads and the boy’s father together with a money lender exploit this by promoting the son’s healing powers in a bid to make money. When a wealthy landowner’s son is brought for healing, Sena is unable to cure him and the boy dies. The village begins to turn against Sena. The monsoon rains fail and a drought sets in causing hardship and misery. The suffering villagers start believing that Sena is possessed by a devil and is bringing bad luck to the village.
A ‘thovil’ ceremony to exorcise the boy is held but the devil dancers fail to detect any evil spirits in the boy. The mass mood turns ugly and at one point the landowner even tries to strangle and kill Sena. And then it begins to rain! As the torrential life giving rain pours down, the evil hopeless mood of the people transforms into that of hope and happiness. Peace descends on Siriyala.
Lester wanted to skip studios and shoot the film outdoors on location. To be really authentic he wanted to film it in an actual rural village. This yearning to some extent had a personal dimension. Lester was from a privileged Westernised background. He was a Roman Catholic brought up in an urban environment. He was more at home speaking in English rather than in Sinhala. Lester knew very little of Sri Lanka’s villages and village life when he first began making films. The decision to go to a village and shoot there was a manifestation of the deep-rooted desire to experience the village personally.
The cast for Rekava was handpicked by Lester. When Lester was living near the Lunawa lagoon he had a black Morris Minor. There used to be a little boy from the neighbourhood who used to come and stare wide-eyed at the car. Lester then used to think that the boy with expressive eyes would look good in a film. So when Rekava began, it was that boy Somapala Dharmapriya who was picked to play Sena. “Somapala had large, dark eyes filled with the wonder of childhood,” observes Lester.
The girl Anula was played by Myrtle Fernando. She had already acted in a Sinhala film called ‘Ahankara Sthriya’. The boy was a fresher. The children were given their dialogues and rehearsals were done for about two weeks in a class room at Lester’s Alma Mater St. Peter’s College, Bambalapitiya. The boy found it difficult to memorise the lines while rehearsing but proved to be a natural actor in front of the camera. Lester’s way of directing children was different. Instead of imposing anything, he would leave it to the kids themselves to act as they wished, intervening to correct only when absolutely necessary.
The role of the mother Kathrina was acted by Iranganie Serasinghe nee Meedeniya. Her husband in the film Kumetheris was played by her spouse in real life Winston Serasinghe. As is well known, both Iranganie and Winston were from the elite English theatre though they have acted in many Sinhala films. Sinhala stage actors of the time like D.R. Nanayakkara, N.R. Dias and Romulus de Silva played the parts of Sooty, Podi Mahathaya and the village headman respectively. The versatile Sesha Palihakkara acted as Miguel the stilt-walker. The young couple Premawathie and Nimal were played by Mallika Pilapitiya and Ananda Weerakoon who did not act in films afterwards. Sadly the kids acting as Sena and Anula are no more as both died of cancer later.
One of the difficulties Lester had in filming Rekava was to make the actors influenced heavily by the stage and melodramatic films to break out from that mould and act naturally. They were asked to speak normally as in everyday life instead of adopting stylised diction and intonation along with sweeping mannerisms.
As shooting progressed, more and more colloquial speech was introduced into the script written by K.A.W. Perera on the instructions of Lester. Actors were also made to adopt silence at times and convey emotions through expressions or lack of expressions. Ironically the problem of sound recording on location compelled Lester to ask actors to speak out aloud at times.
Maria Schell kept her word and soon there was an invitation from the Cannes festival organisers. There was once again a hitch. Opposition built up that a negative film like Rekava portraying the villages of the country in a bad light should not be allowed to go to Cannes. The Education and Cultural Affairs Minister of the time Dr. W. Dahanayke said: “You cannot send a film like Rekava where there are bad people. You must make films where village people are shown as paragons of virtue and can do no wrong.”
Fortunately for Lester, a celebrated American author and composer Paul Bowles was in the island at that time and wrote to the Minister criticising him on account of blocking Rekava. Bowles wrote that it was unbelievable that the Minister thought Western audiences were naïve to believe that everybody was good in the villages.
The Government relented and Rekava went to Cannes. The good Samaritans who made this happen were two Westerners whom Lester had never met. Both Maria Schell and Paul Bowles had been impressed by the film and had no connection to Lester personally. Rekava, the first Sri Lankan film to be shown at Cannes, did not win any award but for Lester – down in the doldrums after the film flopped – it was a morale booster. The film was received well and exhibitors bought screen rights for the Soviet Union, Poland, Germany, France and Britain.
‘Spotlight’ will focus on films, film-related matters and film personalitiesBy D.B.S. JeyarajThis is the first of a new, regular column titled ‘Spotlight’ to be written by me for the Daily FT. Most readers who have followed my earlier writings in English newspapers such as The Island, Sunday Times, The Hindu, The Sunday Leader, The Nation, The Bottom Line and currently on Daily Mirror would know that I generally write on political matters and politicians. This column in the Daily FT however would be different. The ‘Spotlight’ in Daily FT would focus on films, film related matters and film personalities. I have been – and still am – an aficionado of movies and movie matters since childhood. Apart from being an avid film goer I also read quite a lot of magazines, journals and books on cinema and cinema related matters. When I was a recipient of a Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University, most of the courses I followed for audits were in the sphere of cinematic studies. Many of my friends and relatives who are aware of my passion for films have been surprised and puzzled at this lesser-known aspect of my personality. What I say to them is that I grew up with cinema and cinema grew on me. For several years, nay decades, in the past I have nursed the fond hope that I could write a regular column on cinema. I have written occasionally on cinema-related topics but what I yearned for was to write a regular cinema column in a Sri Lankan newspaper; a cinema column that would be informative and entertaining without being too serious or too frivolous. My Editors, however, would lend a sympathetic ear and then gently urge me to continue writing articles on politics. Things took a different positive turn last year when I visited Sri Lanka after an absence of 25 years. A conversation in Colombo with Wijeya Newspapers Chairman Ranjit Wijewardene and his son Sujan Wijewardene, CEO of Wijeya Newspapers, followed subsequently by an exchange of e-mails created an opportunity for me to write another column for the Daily FT in addition to my weekly column for the Daily Mirror. Related discussions on the matter with Daily FT Editor Nisthar Cassim and Deputy Editor Marianne David resulted in a most welcome outcome for me. The Daily FT was amenable to my writing a cinema column instead of a political column for the paper. Nisthar, being the enterprising Editor that he is, observed with a smile, “I will be happy if you can write one or two articles on politics too in the future.” I agreed. Despite my elation and excitement at the prospect of realising my long-cherished dream of writing a column on cinema, there were some unforeseen problems on my side. Thus there was a delay in beginning this column entirely due to lapses on my part. As a result the ‘Spotlight’ which should have shed light early this year is being switched on now in July. This film industry is one which manufactures dreams. The commencement of this column on films, film-related matters and film personalities is a dream come true for me. It is my sincere hope that the readers of Daily FT will enjoy sharing this dream along with me as the ‘Spotlight’ starts shining regularly in the coming weeks. |